What is gastroparesis?

A comprehensive introduction to gastric paralysis

Bauchschmerzen MannGastroparesis is a little-known but often serious disorder of the digestive system that can significantly impact the daily lives of those affected. In this blog post, we provide a comprehensive introduction to gastroparesis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.

Causes of gastroparesis

Gastroparesis, also known as “stomach paralysis”, is a disorder of the stomach emptying process. Normally, the stomach contracts to pass food into the intestines. However, in gastroparesis, these muscle contractions function inadequately or not at all. The main causes of gastroparesis are:

  1. Diabetes: Diabetic gastroparesis is one of the most common forms. Chronically high blood sugar levels can damage the nerves responsible for emptying the stomach.
  2. Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause is unknown, which is referred to as idiopathic gastroparesis.
  3. Postoperative complications: Gastroparesis may occur after stomach surgery.
  4. Neurological disorders: Some neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis, can impair gastric emptying.
  5. Medications: Certain medications, particularly opioids, can trigger gastroparesis.

 

Symptoms of gastroparesis

The symptoms of gastroparesis vary from person to person, but may include the following:

  • Nausea and vomiting: These are common and distressing symptoms.
  • Heartburn or acid reflux: Similar to reflux.
  • Abdominal pain: This may be dull and persistent.
  • Feeling full: Even after small meals.
  • Loss of appetite: Due to constant discomfort.
  • Weight loss: In severe cases, unwanted weight loss may occur.

Diagnosis and treatment

The diagnosis of gastroparesis usually requires a thorough examination and tests. These include:

  • Gastric emptying tests: Special examinations are used to measure the speed of gastric emptying.
  • Gastroduodenal manometry: This is a test that measures the muscle activity of the stomach and small intestine.
  • Gastroscopy: This allows for a visual assessment of the stomach.

Treatment for gastroparesis focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Approaches include:

  • Dietary change:Eating smaller meals and avoiding high-fibre foods can help.
  • Medicines: Prokinetic drugs can promote gastric emptying.
  • Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES): This is a surgical option in which a device is implanted to stimulate the stomach muscles.

Gastroparesis is challenging, but with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, those affected can achieve a better quality of life. Early diagnosis and working with a gastroenterologist are crucial for effectively managing this condition.